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Are postoperative antibiotics required after orthognathic surgery?
A Gaal1, A Shimchuk1, S Gray1
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Summary
This study compared surgical site infection (SSI) rates in orthognathic surgery patients. While postoperative antibiotics showed a trend towards lower SSI, only alcohol consumption was a significant risk factor.
Area of Science:
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Infectious Disease Prevention
- Surgical Outcomes Research
Background:
- Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant complication in orthognathic surgery.
- Optimal antibiotic prophylaxis protocols to minimize SSIs require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare SSI frequency in orthognathic surgery patients receiving intraoperative antibiotics versus those receiving both intraoperative and postoperative antibiotics.
- To identify risk factors associated with SSI in this patient population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of 333 orthognathic surgery patients (2006-2012, 2016-2019).
- Comparison of SSI rates between a group receiving postoperative antibiotics and a control group receiving only intraoperative antibiotics.
- Statistical analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression.
Main Results:
- The group receiving postoperative antibiotics had a numerically lower SSI rate (17.1%) compared to the control group (26.5%), though this did not reach statistical significance (P=0.048).
- Multivariable analysis identified alcohol consumption as the only significant risk factor for increased SSI (OR 2.46, P=0.003).
Conclusions:
- Postoperative antibiotic administration following intraoperative prophylaxis in orthognathic surgery did not demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in SSI rates.
- Alcohol consumption is a significant risk factor for SSIs in orthognathic surgery patients.
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