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The cadmium effect on iron absorption.

H A Huebers, E Huebers, E Csiba

    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
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    Cadmium significantly impairs iron salt and transferrin iron absorption in rats, but enhances hemoglobin iron absorption. This suggests cadmium primarily affects intracellular iron processing within the intestinal mucosa.

    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional Biochemistry
    • Toxicology
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Iron is essential for numerous physiological processes, and its absorption is tightly regulated.
    • Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that can interfere with essential mineral absorption.
    • Understanding cadmium's impact on iron homeostasis is crucial for public health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of cadmium on the absorption of different forms of iron.
    • To determine if cadmium's impact varies based on iron status (normal vs. iron-deficient).
    • To elucidate the mechanism by which cadmium affects iron absorption at the mucosal level.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats (normal and iron-deficient) were administered cadmium along with labeled iron salts, transferrin-bound iron, or hemoglobin iron.

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  • Administration routes included oral gavage and injection into isolated jejunal segments.
  • Radioiron content in the intestinal mucosa and absorption levels were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Cadmium reduced iron salt absorption by approximately 50% in both normal and iron-deficient rats.
    • Hemoglobin iron absorption was enhanced in the presence of cadmium.
    • Cadmium significantly reduced transferrin iron absorption, particularly in iron-deficient rats, and increased mucosal radioiron levels, indicating impaired intracellular processing.

    Conclusions:

    • Cadmium primarily interferes with the intracellular processing of iron salts and transferrin-bound iron within intestinal mucosal cells.
    • The effect of cadmium on iron absorption is dependent on the iron source, with hemoglobin iron being less affected.
    • Cadmium binding to ferritin in mucosal cells may modulate its toxic effects.