Periodontitis prevalence in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease - PPCC: A case-control study

The aim of this questionnaire-based case-control study was to assess whether self-reported oral health and periodontitis in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) differ from those in matched controls without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

A survey including questions on general anamnestic information, IBD diagnosis, and oral health was distributed online. Self-perceived overall health of teeth and gums, severe periodontitis, and tooth loss were defined as outcome parameters.

Analyses were based on answers from 1108 patients with IBD and 3429 controls. Patients with IBD reported significantly worse oral health and more periodontal problems compared to controls. Regression analyses corrected for relevant confounders showed significantly increased odds for fair or poor self-perceived overall health of teeth and gums (odds ratio [OR] 2.147 and 2.736, respectively) and for severe periodontitis (OR 1.739 and 2.574, respectively) for patients with UC and CD compared to controls; patients with CD presented additionally 91% higher odds for having <20 remaining teeth.

Patients with UC and CD have significantly increased odds for worse self-perceived oral health and severe periodontitis compared to controls, with the former being more severely affected and losing more teeth. It is strongly recommended that patients with IBD are kept under close surveillance to prevent periodontitis development and/or mitigate its progression.