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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
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Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

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microRNA, the Innate-Immune System and SARS-CoV-2.

James M Hill1,2,3,4, Walter J Lukiw1,2,5

  • 1Louisiana State University (LSU) Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|July 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human microRNAs (miRNAs) can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by targeting its RNA. Individual differences in miRNAs may explain varying COVID-19 severity and susceptibility to viral infections.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2hsa-miRNA-146a-5phsa-miRNA-15b-5pmessenger RNA (mRNA)microRNA (miRNA)single-stranded viral RNA (ssvRNA)

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19.
  • Host cell defenses include ribonucleic acid (RNA)-based mechanisms.
  • Small non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), are key antiviral components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of human miRNAs in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2.
  • To explore the potential link between miRNA variability and COVID-19 patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing was employed to analyze viral and host RNA.
  • Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify miRNA targets on the SARS-CoV-2 genome.

Main Results:

  • Multiple human miRNAs exhibit extensive complementarity to the SARS-CoV-2 single-stranded viral RNA (ssvRNA).
  • This complementarity suggests a mechanism for miRNA-mediated inactivation of SARS-CoV-2.
  • Significant individual variations in miRNA profiles were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Human miRNAs can directly target and neutralize SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
  • Inter-individual differences in miRNA abundance and composition may contribute to varied immune responses and susceptibility to COVID-19.