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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Cancer biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Microbes significantly influence human health and disease, particularly in immunocompromised cancer patients.
  • Tumor microenvironments, characterized by hypoxia and acidity, alter microbial diversity and abundance, leading to cancer-specific microbiomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pan-cancer microbial heterogeneity and identify patient-microbe interaction patterns.
  • To characterize seven distinct pan-cancer subtypes based on microbial signatures and their functional implications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-throughput profiling of TCGA unmapped transcriptome data for culture-free microbial analysis.
  • Applied biclustering, correlation, and statistical analyses to identify seven patient-microbe interaction patterns across pan-cancer subtypes (S1-S7).

Main Results:

  • Approximately 60% of untreated cancer patients showed altered microbial composition and function compared to normal controls.
  • Subtype S5 exhibited reduced microbial diversity and impaired immune functions; S1, S2, and S3 were enriched with specific bacterial classes.
  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) was associated with subtypes S4 (increased microbial load, oncogenic pathways) and S6 (normal-like microbiota and functions).

Conclusions:

  • The study identified seven pan-cancer subtypes with 424 subtype-specific microbial signatures.
  • These findings provide a foundation for developing novel therapeutic targets and personalized treatment strategies for cancer patients based on their unique microbiome profiles.