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Reference values for nickel concentrations in human tissues and bile.

W N Rezuke, J A Knight, F W Sunderman

    American Journal of Industrial Medicine
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study measured nickel concentrations in human tissues and bile, finding the highest levels in the lungs, thyroid, and adrenal glands. These findings establish reference values and suggest bile may be key for nickel elimination.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Toxicology
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • Nickel is an essential trace element, but occupational exposure can lead to adverse health effects.
    • Understanding nickel distribution in human tissues is crucial for assessing exposure risks.
    • Previous studies have provided limited data on nickel concentrations in various human organs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify nickel concentrations in multiple human tissues and gallbladder bile.
    • To establish baseline nickel levels for reference in occupational exposure assessments.
    • To investigate potential routes of nickel excretion in humans.

    Main Methods:

    • Postmortem human tissue and gallbladder bile specimens were analyzed.
    • Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry with Zeemann background correction was employed.

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  • Strict precautions were taken to prevent nickel contamination during sample handling.

    • Main Results:

    • Mean nickel concentrations (micrograms/kg dry weight) were highest in lung (173), thyroid (141), and adrenal glands (132).
    • Other organs showed lower concentrations: kidney (62), heart (54), liver (50), brain (44), spleen (37), and pancreas (34).
    • Gallbladder bile averaged 2.3 micrograms/l, indicating potential biliary excretion.

    Conclusions:

    • This study provides reference values for nickel in human tissues, aiding in the evaluation of occupational exposures.
    • Thyroid and adrenal glands exhibit higher nickel concentrations than previously recognized, comparable to lung tissue.
    • Biliary excretion appears to be a significant pathway for nickel elimination in humans.