Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Tethered to Cardiovascular Diseases

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Science
• Cardiovascular Research
• Oxidative Stress Mechanisms

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of mortality.
• Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), is a key pathophysiological mechanism in CVD.
• Mitochondria are a primary source of cellular ROS, which can disrupt cellular components and signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of oxidative stress and ROS generation in the context of CVD.
• To highlight the association between oxidative stress biomarkers and CVD.
• To explore the interplay between inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, obesity, and oxidative stress in CVD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on oxidative stress, ROS, and their role in cardiovascular pathophysiology.
• Analysis of the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers and CVD.
• Discussion of the impact of oxidative stress on inflammation, endothelial function, and obesity in CVD.

Main Results:

• Increased ROS production impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, promoting vasoconstriction and hypertension.
• Oxidative stress is implicated in the development of atherosclerotic plaques.
• The review details the complex links between oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and obesity in CVD pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

• Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
• Antioxidants demonstrate potential in reducing oxidative stress and mitigating CVD-related damage.
• Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies for CVD.