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Self-Prioritization Effect in Children and Adults.

Divita Singh1, Harish Karnick2

  • 1School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India.

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Summary

The self-prioritization effect (SPE) shows robust bias toward self-related information across childhood and adolescence. This effect remains stable from age 9 to 22, with a notable bias towards mother associations as well.

Keywords:
associative learningcognitive-developmental changesperceptual matchingperceptual saliencyself-bias

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The self-prioritization effect (SPE) demonstrates preferential cognitive processing of self-related information.
  • Previous research indicates SPE in adults, but developmental trajectories are less understood.
  • Understanding SPE development is crucial for cognitive and social development research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectory of the self-prioritization effect (SPE) in individuals aged 9-22.
  • To examine how the magnitude of SPE changes across childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood.
  • To compare SPE across different social associations (self, mother, friend, stranger) during development.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited participants aged 9-22, divided into three groups: older children (9-13), teenagers (14-17), and young adults (18-22).
  • Utilized a matching judgment task to assess cognitive processing of self- and non-self associations.
  • Compared behavioral responses across self, mother, friend, and stranger conditions.

Main Results:

  • A significant self-prioritization effect was observed in all age groups (9-22 years).
  • SPE demonstrated robustness and stability across the developmental spectrum studied.
  • A consistent bias towards mother-associations over friend and stranger-associations was noted in all age groups.

Conclusions:

  • The self-prioritization effect is firmly established by age 9 and remains stable throughout adolescence and into young adulthood.
  • Developmental factors do not significantly diminish the strength of SPE during this age range.
  • The findings extend the understanding of SPE into younger age groups, highlighting its enduring nature in cognitive development.