Stem Cell Based Approaches to Modulate the Matrix Milieu in Vascular Disorders

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Vascular Biology

Background:

• The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and functional support to vascular cells, influencing vascular wall organization.
• Dysfunctional ECM contributes to vascular pathologies, highlighting the need for ECM regeneration to restore homeostasis.
• Stem cells (SCs) offer potential for ECM repair, with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showing particular promise due to their plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of ECM components in vascular disorders.
• To explore the potential of stem cell-based and stem cell-inspired therapies for vascular ECM repair.
• To discuss challenges and prospects of stem cell therapies in vascular regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of ECM's role in vascular pathologies.
• Analysis of stem cell properties and therapeutic potential for ECM regeneration.
• Discussion of challenges in current stem cell therapy, including delivery and quality control.

Main Results:

• ECM alterations are implicated in the pathophysiology of common vascular diseases.
• Adult stem cells, particularly MSCs, possess regenerative capabilities relevant to vascular ECM repair.
• Stem cell-derived or inspired strategies are emerging as alternatives to conventional cell therapies.

Conclusions:

• Understanding ECM's patho-mechanistic roles is crucial for developing effective vascular therapies.
• Adult stem cell-based approaches hold significant promise for modulating the vascular tissue environment.
• Overcoming challenges in stem cell processing, delivery, and in vivo function is key to successful vascular regeneration.