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Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with COVID-19 Illness Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Aljabr1, Areej Aldossary2, Kanan Alkanani2
1Population Health Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
This study analyzed COVID-19 hospitalization outcomes in 656 patients. Hypertension was linked to disease severity, while smoking and obesity did not show significant associations with COVID-19 outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated understanding patient risk factors for better healthcare management.
- Identifying demographic and clinical predictors of COVID-19 outcomes is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the demographic, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
- To determine risk factors associated with COVID-19 outcomes in a hospitalized cohort.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 656 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between March and July 2020.
- Data collection included demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics.
- Assessment of risk factors influencing patient outcomes.
Main Results:
- The study cohort comprised 656 patients, with 60% over 50 years old and 87% Saudi nationals.
- Most patients presented with mild to moderate symptoms (90.4%), and 82.1% had a stable hospital course.
- Hypertension was significantly associated with COVID-19 outcomes, but smoking and obesity were not.
Conclusions:
- The majority of hospitalized COVID-19 patients experienced mild disease.
- Hypertension emerged as a significant risk factor for adverse COVID-19 outcomes.
- No statistically significant association was found between smoking, obesity, and COVID-19 outcomes in this cohort.
Introduction:
The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the globe. Understanding the association between the population's demographical, clinical risk factors, and outcome of COVID-19 is essential for healthcare providers to develop guidelines and future care plans. This study reports all diagnosed COVID-19 and admitted to Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare (JHAH) for hospitalization from March to July 2020.
Methods:
This is a retrospective study that presents the demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics of our patients and determines risk factors contributing to their COVID-19 outcome.
Results:
The study included 656 patients (53% were male, 60% were older than 50 years of age, 87% were Saudi nationals, 5% pregnant, and 92% non-smokers patients). The source of infection was mostly unknown to the patient or healthcare provider (58%), followed by contact transmission (36%) and travel (5%). In addition, we found that the vast majority of hospitalized patients presented with symptoms (76%) with (90.4%) mild to moderate symptoms and have had stable hospital course during their hospitalization (82.1%). Over fifty percent of the patients had abnormal x-ray upon admission, (4.7%) were intubated, (20.3%) were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) or a step-down unit (SDU), and finally (5.3%) were deceased.
Conclusion:
The majority of the patients in this study had mild disease, and their outcome was associated with some chronic diseases, most significantly hypertension. However, the study did not demonstrate a statistically significant association between smoking and obesity and COVID-19 outcomes.
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