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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Immunity is a crucial biological concept about our body's inherent capacity to prevent infections and diseases. A complex network of cells and tissues collectively known as the immune system facilitates this natural defense mechanism. The immune system plays an integral role in maintaining our health and well-being, shielding us from potential health threats.
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Innate Lymphoid Cells - Neglected Players in Multiple Sclerosis.

Negar Sadeghi Hassanabadi1, Bieke Broux2,3, Sonja Marinović4

  • 1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

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|July 5, 2022
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Summary

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play a complex role in multiple sclerosis (MS), potentially exacerbating the disease by influencing T-cell recruitment into the central nervous system (CNS). Further research into ILCs and their signaling pathways is crucial for developing new MS therapies.

Keywords:
autoimmune diseasedisease-modifying therapies (DMTs)experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)multiple sclerosisnatural killer cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a significant autoimmune disorder impacting millions globally.
  • While traditionally considered a T-cell mediated condition, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are increasingly recognized for their role in MS pathology.
  • The precise function of ILCs in MS remains debated, with evidence suggesting both protective and detrimental effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the involvement of ILCs in the development and progression of MS.
  • To explore the role of ILCs in preclinical models of MS, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting ILCs for MS treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on ILCs in MS and EAE.
  • Analysis of findings implicating ILCs in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and immune cell recruitment.
  • Synthesis of data regarding ILC signaling pathways in the context of MS.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies in EAE models indicate that ILCs infiltrate the CNS and promote inflammation.
  • ILCs appear to exacerbate disease by facilitating the recruitment of autoreactive T-cells.
  • Controversial findings exist regarding the dual role of ILCs in MS pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the detailed role of ILCs and their signaling pathways is vital for a comprehensive understanding of MS.
  • ILCs represent a potential target for novel therapeutic strategies in multiple sclerosis.
  • Further investigation is warranted to fully elucidate the complex contribution of ILCs to MS progression.