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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Low-Cost, Volume-Controlled Dipstick Urinalysis for Home-Testing

Low-Cost, Volume-Controlled Dipstick Urinalysis for Home-Testing

Published on: May 8, 2021

Automated Urinal-Based Specific Gravity Measurement Device for Real-Time Hydration Monitoring in Male Athletes.

Brian F Bender¹, Nick J Johnson¹, Jasmine A Berry¹

¹Intake Health, Raleigh, NC, United States.

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living

|July 5, 2022

Summary

This study introduces InFlow, an automated urinalysis device for real-time hydration status monitoring in athletes. The device accurately measures specific gravity, offering immediate insights for improved athlete performance and safety.

Keywords:

athletic performance hydration safety sports science sports technology urinalysis wellness

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Biomedical Engineering
Urology

Background:

Hydration status is critical for athlete safety and performance.
Current urinalysis methods for hydration monitoring are time-consuming and burdensome, limiting real-time application.
Effective hydration management is essential in team sports environments.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an automated urinalysis device (InFlow) for real-time measurement of hydration status.
To assess the accuracy of the InFlow device compared to traditional methods.
To provide immediate hydration insights for athletes, particularly in team settings.

Main Methods:

Development of an automated urinalysis device (InFlow) measuring specific gravity during urination.
Correlation analysis between InFlow device readings and optical refractometry.
Testing in male athletes within team environments.

Main Results:

The InFlow device demonstrated strong correlation with optical refractometry.
Mean absolute error between the InFlow device and refractometry was 0.0029 (±0.0021).
The device provides accurate, real-time hydration status measurements.

Conclusions:

The InFlow device offers a novel and practical approach for real-time hydration monitoring in athletes.
Automated urinalysis can overcome limitations of traditional methods, enabling frequent and immediate hydration assessments.
This technology has high potential for use in team sports with demanding testing frequencies.