Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Osteoarthritis Patients Derived from Primary Care Records: A Systematic
Xiaoyang Huang1, Ross Wilkie1, Mamas A Mamas2
1Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK.
Insights
People with osteoarthritis have higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including hypertension and obesity. Primary care electronic health records (EHRs) show these elevated risks, aiding CVD management in osteoarthritis patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Rheumatology
- Health Informatics
Background:
- Osteoarthritis (OA) patients face elevated risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
- Early detection of CVD risk factors in OA populations is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
- Primary care electronic health records (EHRs) offer a valuable resource for monitoring CVD risk factors in individuals with OA.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the prevalence of CVD risk factors in individuals with osteoarthritis, utilizing data from primary care EHRs.
- To summarize existing evidence on the frequency of key CVD risk factors within the OA patient demographic.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across eight databases, including MEDLINE, up to January 2019.
- Included were observational studies that used primary care EHR data to assess the prevalence of six defined CVD risk factors in people with osteoarthritis.
- A narrative review approach was employed to synthesize the findings from the identified studies.
Main Results:
- Six studies met the inclusion criteria, exhibiting significant heterogeneity that precluded pooled analysis.
- Prevalence estimates varied: smoking (12.5%), hypertension (19.7%-55.5%), obesity (34.4%-51.6%), dyslipidemia (6.0%, 13.3%), and diabetes (5.2%-18.6%).
- One study indicated higher odds of hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes in OA patients compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Primary care EHR data suggest a higher prevalence of CVD risk factors in individuals with osteoarthritis compared to those without OA.
- These findings provide a baseline understanding of CVD risk factor frequency in OA patients within primary care settings.
- Further research using EHRs is warranted to explore their utility in evaluating strategies for managing CVD risk in the OA population.
Background:
People with osteoarthritis are at a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Detecting CVD risk factors in this high-risk population will help to improve CVD outcomes. Primary care electronic health records (EHRs) provide opportunities for the surveillance of CVD risk factors in the osteoarthritis population. This paper aimed to systematically review evidence of prevalence estimates of CVD risk factors in people with osteoarthritis derived from primary care EHRs.
Methods:
Eight databases including MEDLINE were systematically searched till January 2019. Observational studies using primary care EHRs data to estimate the prevalence of six CVD risk factors in people with osteoarthritis were included. A narrative review was conducted to summarize study results.
Results:
Six studies were identified. High heterogeneity between studies prevented the calculation of pooled estimates. One study reported the prevalence of smoking (12.5%); five reported hypertensions (range: 19.7%-55.5%); four reported obesities (range: 34.4%-51.6%); two reported dyslipidemias (6.0%, 13.3%); five reported diabetes (range: 5.2%-18.6%); and one reported chronic kidney disease (1.8%) in people with osteoarthritis. One study reported a higher prevalence of hypertension (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.32), obesity (OR 2.44, 95%CI 2.33-2.55), dyslipidemia (OR 1.24, 95%CI 1.14-1.35) and diabetes (1.11, 95%CI 1.02-1.22) in the osteoarthritis population compared with the matched non-osteoarthritis population.
Conclusions:
From studies identified in this review that had used primary care EHRs, prevalence estimates of CVD risk factors were higher in people with osteoarthritis compared with those without. These estimates may provide baseline frequency of CVD risk factors in osteoarthritis patients in primary care, although this is limited by the small number of studies and high heterogeneity. Further studies of frequency, using primary care EHRs, will help to answer whether this data source can be used for evaluating approaches to manage CVD risk factors in osteoarthritis patients.
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