Scientific Challenges and Improvement Strategies of Zn-Based Anodes for Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted widespread attention due to the intrinsic features of Zn-based anodes, mainly including high capacity, low cost, and low working potential together with high over-potential for hydrogen evolution reaction. Aqueous ZIBs are considered to be strong competitors and substitutes for lead-acid, nickel-metal hydrogen, nickel-cadmium, and even lithium-ion batteries. Great efforts have been made in the past few years towards the issues existed in aqueous ZIBs, mainly including alkaline and mild acidic systems. In this perspective, we illustrate the advantages, the main challenges, and the corresponding solution strategies of Zn-based anodes in various aqueous rechargeable ZIBs with alkaline and mild acidic electrolytes. Furthermore, feasible aqueous ZIBs for practical use are prospected.