Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 5, 2025
Direct Pressure Monitoring Accurately Predicts Pulmonary Vein Occlusion During Cryoballoon Ablation
Published on: February 26, 2013
Cryoballoon ablation beyond pulmonary vein isolation in the setting of persistent atrial fibrillation
Vincenzo Miraglia1, Antonio Bisignani1, Luigi Pannone1
1Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart, Brussels, Belgium.
Introduction:
Catheter ablation has been demonstrated to be a safe and an effective treatment for drug resistant atrial fibrillation (AF); electrical isolation of pulmonary veins (PVI) is the main strategy in paroxysmal AF, since pulmonary vein triggers have a pivotal role in its pathogenesis; non-paroxysmal AF is a complex arrhythmia that results from the interplay of a substrate, namely AF-induced electrical and structural atrial remodeling, and a trigger that can be often found outside pulmonary veins, namely non-pulmonary veins triggers.
Areas Covered:
The aim of this review is to provide a state-of-the-art overview of non-pulmonary veins triggers with special focus on cryoballoon (CB) catheter ablation.
Expert Opinion:
Besides PVI, CB catheter ablation of non-pulmonary veins triggers is a novel and promising strategy for non-paroxysmal AF.
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