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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Gut Microbiota.

Hettiarachchige Priyanga Sajeewanie Jayapala1, Sun Young Lim1

  • 1Division of Convergence on Marine Science, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Korea.

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
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Summary

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) significantly impact gut microbiota composition and function, influencing metabolic and immune health. Understanding this interaction is key to managing chronic diseases and promoting gut health.

Keywords:
Gut microbiotacardiovascular diseasesdocosahexaenoic acid (DHA)eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)rheumatoid arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Immunology

Background:

  • n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are recognized for their broad health benefits, including cardiovascular, immune, cognitive, and metabolic wellness.
  • The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in host health and is influenced by diet, dysbiosis, and antibiotics.
  • Emerging evidence highlights a bidirectional relationship between n-3 PUFAs and the gut microbiota, affecting each other's composition and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate relationship between n-3 PUFAs and gut microbiota function in maintaining intestinal health.
  • To explore how n-3 PUFAs interact with the gut microbiome and influence host health outcomes.
  • To discuss the potential of n-3 PUFAs in modulating the gut-brain axis through their effects on gut microbiota composition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing existing research on n-3 PUFAs, gut microbiota, and their interactions.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of n-3 PUFA supplementation on microbial diversity and abundance.
  • Examination of research on the role of gut microbiota in n-3 PUFA metabolism and absorption.

Main Results:

  • n-3 PUFAs can modulate gut microbial diversity and abundance, potentially correcting dysbiosis linked to obesity and metabolic disorders.
  • An imbalanced n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio can lead to gut microbial dysbiosis, including an increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, associated with obesity.
  • The interplay between n-3 PUFAs, gut microbiota, and immune responses is vital for intestinal barrier integrity and immune cell interaction.

Conclusions:

  • n-3 PUFAs, particularly EPA and DHA found in marine extracts, are crucial for maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis.
  • Supplementation with n-3 PUFAs may serve as a therapeutic strategy to restore gut microbial balance and ameliorate metabolic disturbances.
  • The n-3 PUFA-gut microbiota axis represents a significant target for managing chronic diseases and influencing the gut-brain axis.