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Early origins of respiratory disease

Anne Greenough1, Anthony David Milner2

  • 1Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.

Journal of Perinatal Medicine
|July 5, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Chronic respiratory diseases in children are common. Early interventions and long-term follow-up for high-risk infants are crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Neonatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chronic respiratory morbidity affects many children, especially premature infants, those with congenital anomalies, and children with sickle cell disease.
  • Early life factors significantly influence the development of chronic respiratory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the early origins of chronic respiratory disease in high-risk pediatric populations.
  • To assess diagnostic techniques, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes related to premature birth and congenital conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Physiological studies on premature infant responses to resuscitation and delivery suite interventions.
  • Optimization of mechanical ventilation modes with randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Analysis of long-term respiratory outcomes in children with sickle cell disease and identification of influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) adversely impact premature infants.
  • Premature infants exhibit a functional and genetic predisposition to respiratory viral LRTIs.
  • Key factors influencing long-term respiratory outcomes in children with sickle cell disease were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term follow-up of high-risk infants is essential for developing effective preventative strategies against chronic respiratory morbidity.
  • Understanding early origins and risk factors is key to improving respiratory health in vulnerable children.

Keywords:
congenital diaphragmatic hernianeonatal ventilationresuscitationsickle cell disease

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