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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
50
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
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Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring
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Smoothed-NUV Priors for Imaging.

Boxiao Ma, Nour Zalmai, Hans-Andrea Loeliger

    IEEE Transactions on Image Processing : a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
    |July 5, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    New normal priors with unknown variance (NUV) offer improved image reconstruction by reducing artifacts. These convex-concave regularizers, combined with iterative reweighted coordinate descent, enhance computational imaging applications like tomography and segmentation.

    Area of Science:

    • Computational imaging
    • Image reconstruction
    • Image segmentation

    Background:

    • L1-regularization and total variation regularization have advanced computational imaging.
    • Convex-concave regularizers offer potential for sharper edges and reduced staircase artifacts compared to traditional methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Introduce a novel class of convex-concave regularizers termed normal priors with unknown variance (NUV).
    • Develop efficient algorithms for image reconstruction using these NUV priors.
    • Demonstrate the utility of NUV priors in image reconstruction and segmentation tasks.

    Main Methods:

    • NUV priors include smoothed logarithm and Lp norms (p ≤ 1).
    • Variational representations of NUV priors enable iterative reweighted descent algorithms.

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  • Iterative reweighted coordinate descent, a parameter-free algorithm, was employed for its robustness and efficiency.

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed NUV priors and algorithms were successfully applied to tomography, demonstrating improved image reconstruction.
    • Applications in image segmentation showcased the built-in edge detection capabilities of the NUV priors.

    Conclusions:

    • NUV priors represent a significant advancement in convex-concave regularizers for computational imaging.
    • The developed iterative reweighted coordinate descent algorithm provides an efficient and robust solution for image reconstruction and related tasks.