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Updated: Sep 5, 2025
Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis
Published on: November 12, 2015
Hypo-osmolar accelerated corneal crosslinking on resultant sub-400 μm topography-guided excimer regularized
Ali Salimi1, Mathieu Gauvin, Mona Harissi-Dagher
1From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada (Salimi, Gauvin, Wallerstein); LASIK MD, Montreal, Québec, Canada (Gauvin, Harissi-Dagher, Racine, Cohen, Wallerstein); Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada (Harissi-Dagher, Racine); Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada (Cohen).
Purpose:
To investigate the efficacy and safety of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) with topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK) corneal regularization followed by sequential hypo-osmolar riboflavin accelerated corneal crosslinking (CXL) in keratoconic (KC) eyes with <400 μm stromal bed thickness after excimer ablation.
Setting:
Multisurgeon multicenter standardized protocol practice.
Design:
Retrospective multicenter case series.
Methods:
This study included progressive KC eyes that underwent PTK and T-PRK combined with accelerated CXL and had a corneal stromal bed thickness of <400 μm after excimer ablation before administration of hypo-osmolar riboflavin. Demographics and clinical measures were reviewed at baseline and every follow-up visit.
Results:
61 consecutive eyes had a mean corneal stromal bed thickness of 367 ± 21 μm after excimer laser normalization. Postoperatively, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) improved by 0.29 logMAR ( P < .0001), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) improved by 0.07 logMAR ( P = .0012), and maximum keratometry (Kmax) decreased by 4.67 diopters ( P < .0001). The safety index was favorable (1.29 ± 0.56), with stable manifest astigmatism, Kmax, and pachymetry at 12 months. 2 eyes (3%) showed evidence of keratometric progression on topography.
Conclusions:
In KC corneas thinner than 400 μm after excimer ablation, PTK epithelial removal followed by T-PRK and hypo-osmolar accelerated CXL decreases manifest astigmatism and Kmax, improves UDVA and CDVA, and halted disease progression in 97% of eyes at 12 months. These outcomes are comparable with thicker ablated corneas not requiring hypo-osmolar stromal swelling.
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