Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Mass Production of Genetically Modified Aedes aegypti for Field Releases in Brazil
Published on: January 4, 2014
Effect Of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions On COVID-19 Cases And Deaths In Brazil
Louise B Russell1, Lara Livia Santos da Silva2, Rodrigo Fracalossi de Moraes3
1Louise B. Russell (louisebrussell1983@gmail.com), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Abstract:
Lacking national direction, in 2020 Brazilian states adopted a variety of nonpharmaceutical interventions to combat COVID-19, adjusting their stringency over time. We took advantage of this variation across states and over time to estimate the independent effect of seven interventions on the growth rate ratios of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Panel regressions using daily data from March to December 2020 for twelve states show that two interventions, suspension of public events and masking mandates, significantly reduced the spread of the disease. Partial and full suspension of public events were equally effective. Full masking mandates were more effective than partial ones. Together, suspension of public events and full masking mandates reduced the growth rate ratios of both cases and deaths almost to 1, the point at which cases and deaths are no longer increasing. Policy makers may find this analysis useful as they aim to choose the most effective nonpharmaceutical interventions to reduce COVID-19's social and economic burdens.
Related Concept Videos
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Antimicrobial Effectiveness
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Methods of reducing fever
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact

