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Meta-analysis of the Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Marjo Renko1,2, Jarmo Salo3,4, Milka Ekstrand3

  • 1From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Yliopistonranta, Kuopio, Finland.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|July 5, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are linked to being overweight, poor fluid intake, and infrequent voiding. Breast-feeding and circumcision appear to reduce UTI risk.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children, with incidence varying by age.
  • Limited evidence exists regarding non-age-related risk factors for pediatric UTIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis investigating risk factors associated with the occurrence and recurrence of UTIs in children.
  • To identify modifiable and non-modifiable factors influencing UTI risk in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed from 1966 to May 2019.
  • Included studies assessed risk factors for symptomatic UTIs in children, excluding those with hospital-acquired infections or severe congenital renal abnormalities.
  • Data extraction focused on risk factors for both UTI occurrence and recurrence, followed by quality assessment.

Main Results:

  • The meta-analysis included 24 studies.
  • Circumcision (OR: 0.1; CI: 0.06-0.17) and breast-feeding (OR: 0.4; CI: 0.19-0.86) were associated with decreased UTI occurrence.
  • Overweight/obesity (OR: 2.23; CI: 1.37-3.63), poor fluid intake (OR: 6.39; CI: 3.07-13.39), and infrequent voiding (OR: 3.54; CI: 1.68-7.46) were linked to increased risk, particularly for recurrent UTIs.

Conclusions:

  • Modifiable risk factors such as being overweight/obese and poor fluid intake significantly increase UTI risk in children.
  • Preventive strategies could target fluid intake and voiding habits.
  • Breast-feeding and circumcision are protective factors against UTI occurrence in children.
Abstract

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