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Salt flat microbial diversity and dynamics across salinity gradient.

Khaled M Hazzouri1, Naganeeswaran Sudalaimuthuasari1, Esam Eldin Saeed1

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Sabkha microbes exhibit high genetic diversity driven by horizontal gene transfer and recombination. This genetic variation shapes the sabkha ecosystem

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial Ecology
  • Genomics
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Sabkhas are hypersaline environments hosting salt-tolerant microbes.
  • Microbial community composition is studied, but genetic structure remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Analyze microbial genetic structure and heterogeneity in a coastal sabkha.
  • Investigate the drivers of genetic variation along a salinity gradient.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rDNA sequencing for microbial composition.
  • Whole metagenome sequencing for genetic analysis.
  • Population genetic analyses (Fst) to identify selection.

Main Results:

  • High alpha diversity in inner/edge sabkhas, distinct composition in outer sabkhas.
  • Predominant phyla varied across regions (Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota vs. Proteobacteria).
  • Identified genes involved in biogeochemical cycles and secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
  • Observed significant horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and recombination.
  • Detected genes under selection (selective sweeps) along the salinity gradient.

Conclusions:

  • Sabkha microbial populations display dynamic genetic variation.
  • HGT, recombination, and gene-specific selection drive genetic diversity.
  • These processes are crucial for microbial adaptation in sabkha ecosystems.