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In a series resistor-inductor (R-L) circuit, closing the switch at the start of the time period simulates a three-phase short circuit, a fault condition where all three phases of an unloaded synchronous machine are short-circuited. When there is no fault impedance and no initial current, the initial voltage is determined by the phase angle of the source voltage.
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Connecting tremors - a circuits perspective.

Arthur W G Buijink1, Anne-Fleur van Rootselaar1, Rick C Helmich2,3

  • 1Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|July 5, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Essential tremor (ET), dystonic tremor syndrome (DTS), and Parkinson's disease (PD) tremor share overlapping brain networks. The cerebellum is key in action tremors, influencing clinical variations in DTS.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Movement Disorders
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Tremor is a common movement disorder.
  • Understanding tremor pathophysiology is crucial for developing targeted treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review new insights into the pathophysiology of tremor.
  • Focus on essential tremor (ET), dystonic tremor syndrome (DTS), and Parkinson's disease (PD) tremor.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on tremor pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of cerebral network involvement using electrophysiology and neuroimaging.
  • Assessment of brain stimulation techniques.

Main Results:

  • ET, DTS, and PD tremor involve overlapping basal ganglia and cerebello-thalamo-cortical networks.
  • The cerebellum plays a significant role in action tremors (ET, DTS, PD).
  • Cerebellar function correlates with clinical features in DTS, such as tremor type and limb involvement.

Conclusions:

  • Pathophysiological insights offer a direct path to mechanism-based tremor treatments.
  • The cerebellum is a critical node in the pathophysiology of common tremor disorders.