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Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
Published on: July 24, 2019
Imaging of sleep disorders in pre-Parkinsonian syndromes
Yoshiaki Ota1, Prabesh Kanel2,3,4, Nicolaas Bohnen2,3,4,5,6
1The Division of Neuroradiology.
Purpose Of Review:
Neuroimaging has been advanced in the last years and enabled clinicians to evaluate sleep disorders, especially isolated rapid eye movement sleep disorder (iRBD), which can be seen in alpha-synucleinopathies. iRBD is the best prodromal clinical marker for phenoconversion to these neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide an update on advanced neuroimaging biomarkers in iRBD.
Recent Findings:
Advanced structural MRI techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI, neuromelanin-sensitive MRI, and scintigraphic neuroimaging such as cholinergic PET, dopamine transporter imaging - single-photon emission computerized tomography, perfusional single-photon emission computerized tomography, and cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine can provide diagnostic and prognostic imaging biomarkers for iRBD, in isolation and more robustly when combined.
Summary:
New advanced neuroimaging can provide imaging biomarkers and aid in the appropriate clinical assessment and future therapeutic trials.
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