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Individual differences in everyday multitasking behavior and its relation to cognition and personality.

Samsad Afrin Himi1,2, Gregor Volberg3, Markus Bühner4

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Multitasking ability is linked to cognitive functions like executive functions and personality traits. Individual differences in multitasking can be explained by cognitive abilities, with personality traits moderating this relationship.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Individual Differences Research

Background:

  • Multitasking, the ability to focus on multiple tasks simultaneously, is a critical cognitive function.
  • Empirical studies increasingly link multitasking to cognition and personality, attracting significant research attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and integrate findings on individual differences in multitasking behavior.
  • To examine the links between multitasking, cognitive constructs, and personality traits.
  • To propose conceptual models for understanding multitasking as a psychometric construct.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 43 empirical studies meeting inclusion criteria.
  • Investigation of cognitive constructs: executive functions (shifting, updating, inhibition), working memory, relational integration, divided attention, reasoning, and prospective memory.
  • Consideration of personality traits: polychronicity, impulsivity, and the Five-Factor Model.

Main Results:

  • Individual differences in multitasking behavior are significantly explained by cognitive abilities.
  • Personality traits moderate the relationship between multitasking behavior and cognitive functions.
  • Two new conceptual models are proposed to explain multitasking behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Multitasking behavior is a complex psychometric construct influenced by both cognitive abilities and personality.
  • Future research should explore these proposed models and their implications.
  • Understanding the interplay between cognition and personality in multitasking is crucial for future research directions.