Impact of COVID-19 on Antimicrobial Resistance in Paediatric Population: a Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Infectious Diseases
• Antimicrobial Resistance
• Epidemiology

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased antimicrobial use in pediatric populations.
• Irrational antimicrobial prescribing practices pose a significant threat to public health, particularly in vulnerable pediatric groups.
• Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health concern, exacerbated by factors like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of antimicrobial resistance in children.
• To identify and discuss strategies for minimizing the threat of antimicrobial resistance in the pediatric population during and after the pandemic.

Main Methods:

• This review synthesizes existing literature and research findings on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric antimicrobial resistance.
• Analysis of trends in antimicrobial prescribing patterns and antimicrobial resistance surveillance data during the pandemic period.
• Identification of key factors contributing to increased antimicrobial use and subsequent resistance in children.

Main Results:

• The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrably impacted the development of antimicrobial resistance in pediatric populations through both direct and indirect pathways.
• Evidence suggests an increase in the irrational use of antimicrobials among children during the pandemic, contributing to AMR.
• The pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship programs tailored for pediatric care.

Conclusions:

• The COVID-19 pandemic has created a challenging environment for controlling antimicrobial resistance in children.
• Implementing robust antimicrobial stewardship programs is crucial for mitigating AMR in pediatric populations.
• Continued research and surveillance are necessary to monitor and combat antimicrobial resistance in the pediatric demographic post-pandemic.