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Chemosensory loss in COVID-19
Winnie Xu1, Gulshan Sunavala-Dossabhoy2, Andrew I Spielman1
1Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.
COVID-19 infection can cause sudden loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia). This review examines hypotheses and potential treatments for persistent chemosensory dysfunction following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Neuroscience
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to widespread infections and fatalities globally.
- A notable symptom is the loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), which can persist post-infection.
- The exact mechanisms behind this chemosensory dysfunction are still under investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current hypotheses regarding the causes of COVID-19-associated anosmia and ageusia.
- To explore potential therapeutic strategies for restoring lost smell and taste functions.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing scientific literature and hypotheses on SARS-CoV-2-induced chemosensory loss.
- Analysis of proposed mechanisms involving olfactory and gustatory pathways.
Main Results:
- Hypotheses include damage to olfactory/gustatory neurons or supporting cells.
- Disruption of signaling pathways involving Neuropilin-1 and semaphorins are implicated.
- Chemosensory loss can be transient or persistent, varying among individuals.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.
- Further research is needed to validate hypotheses and guide therapeutic interventions for anosmia and ageusia.
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