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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
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Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

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[Cone-beam CT measurement and analysis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis and morphological characteristics of

S L Yang1, Q M He2, H Xu1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China.

Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Kouqiang Yixue Zazhi = Chinese Journal of Stomatology
|July 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The coracoid process is taller and has a greater ratio of distances in temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis (TMJOA) patients compared to healthy individuals. These morphological changes in the coracoid process correlate with TMJOA development, particularly bone deposition in the condyle.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Radiology
  • Osteoarthrology

Context:

  • Temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis (TMJOA) is a degenerative condition affecting the jaw joint.
  • Morphological changes in craniofacial structures can be associated with TMJOA.
  • The coracoid process, a part of the scapula, has not been extensively studied in relation to TMJOA.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the morphological characteristics of the coracoid process in patients with varying stages of TMJOA.
  • To compare these characteristics between affected and healthy individuals and across different TMJOA stages.
  • To provide theoretical data for clinical and anatomical studies of TMJOA.

Summary:

  • A study of 290 TMJOA patients and 26 controls revealed significantly increased coracoid process height and a greater ratio of coracoid apex-to-mandibular angle to condyle apex-to-mandibular angle distance on the affected side in TMJOA patients.
  • Anteversion angle showed no significant difference compared to controls, but varied across TMJOA stages, being smallest in Stage IV.
  • Bone deposition in TMJOA was primarily observed in the upper and posterior condyle, indicating a correlation between coracoid process height and TMJOA.

Impact:

  • This research highlights a potential link between coracoid process morphology and TMJOA.
  • Findings may aid in understanding TMJOA pathogenesis and developing diagnostic or therapeutic strategies.
  • Provides valuable anatomical data for further research in craniofacial disorders.