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Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD
Published on: October 10, 2012
Decoding Shared Versus Divergent Transcriptomic Signatures Across Cortico-Amygdala Circuitry in PTSD and Depressive
Andrew E Jaffe1, Ran Tao1, Stephanie C Page1
1Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Jaffe, Tao, Page, Maynard, Pattie, Nguyen, Deep-Soboslay, Bharadwaj, Shin, Hyde, Martinowich, Kleinman); Department of Neuroscience (Jaffe, Martinowich), Department of Genetic Medicine, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (Jaffe), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Jaffe, Hyde, Martinowich, Kleinman), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Biostatistics and Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, Tex., Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, Tex., Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Tex., and Baylor Scott & White Psychiatry, Temple, Tex. (Young); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, N.H. (Friedman); National Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (Friedman); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. (Williamson); Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, N.C. (Williamson); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde).
This study found shared gene expression patterns in the brain for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), highlighting immune pathways and GABAergic neurons in PTSD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occurs with major depressive disorder (MDD), suggesting shared genetic and neurobiological underpinnings.
- Investigating conserved transcriptional patterns may elucidate common disease mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare gene expression patterns in the human cortex and amygdala between individuals with PTSD and MDD.
- To identify shared and distinct molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders.
Main Methods:
- RNA sequencing of postmortem brain tissue from individuals with PTSD, MDD, and neurotypical controls.
- Analysis of gene expression in prefrontal cortex and amygdala regions.
- Weighted gene coexpression network analysis to confirm findings.
Main Results:
- A limited number of PTSD-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found, primarily in cortical regions.
- PTSD-specific DEGs were linked to downregulated immune pathways, microglia, and GABAergic inhibitory neurons.
- Most DEGs identified in MDD overlapped with PTSD, with few MDD-specific genes.
Conclusions:
- Findings support the role of reduced immune signaling and neuroinflammation in MDD and PTSD.
- Evidence suggests functional significance of GABAergic neurons in PTSD pathophysiology.
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