[Trace elements in buried human bones and their value. A review]

Area of Science:

• Archaeological science
• Biological anthropology
• Geochemistry

Background:

• Trace element analysis in archaeological human bones has been conducted for over a decade.
• These elements offer insights into ancient diets, female reproductive spans, and weaning ages.
• Trace element analysis is crucial for palaeodemography and palaeoecology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the importance of trace element analysis in understanding ancient human populations.
• To address the need for basic research on the alteration of trace element concentrations in ancient bones.
• To provide recommendations for techniques and discuss parameters that may bias data interpretation.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of trace element content in archaeological human bones.
• Discussion of soil processes and microbial effects on bone composition.
• Review of existing literature and methodologies.

Main Results:

• Trace element concentrations in bones can indicate past diets and reproductive behaviors.
• Alteration of trace element data by post-depositional factors (soil, microbes) requires further investigation.
• A lack of reference series complicates accurate interpretation.

Conclusions:

• Trace element analysis is a valuable tool for palaeodemography and palaeoecology.
• Further research is essential to refine analytical techniques and address data alteration issues.
• Recommendations are provided for improving the diagnostic potential of trace element analysis in archaeology.