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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Retrospective Multicenter Study Comparing Infectious and Noninfectious Aortitis.

Mathilde Carrer1, Carole Vignals1, Xavier Berard2

  • 1Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre hospitalier universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|July 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Infectious aortitis (IA) has higher mortality than noninfectious aortitis (NIA). Early antibiotic treatment significantly improves survival in IA patients, highlighting the importance of prompt diagnosis and management for aortic inflammation.

Keywords:
aortitisinfectious aneurysmvasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Distinguishing infectious aortitis (IA) from noninfectious aortitis (NIA) is clinically challenging.
  • Aortitis diagnosis requires understanding clinical, biological, and radiological distinctions.
  • Comparing IA and NIA is crucial for effective patient management and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical, biological, and radiological characteristics of IA and NIA.
  • To evaluate the outcomes and mortality rates associated with IA and NIA.
  • To identify factors influencing mortality in infectious aortitis.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter retrospective study was conducted across 10 French centers.
  • Data from 183 patients diagnosed with aortitis between 2014 and 2019 were analyzed.
  • Clinical, biological, radiological data, and patient outcomes were systematically collected and compared.

Main Results:

  • Infectious aortitis (IA) was diagnosed in 36.1% of patients, with Enterobacterales, streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and Coxiella burnetii as common pathogens.
  • Noninfectious aortitis (NIA) comprised 63.9%, primarily due to vasculitis (49.6%) and idiopathic causes (39.3%).
  • IA showed higher rates of aortic aneurysms (78.8% vs 17.6%), particularly in the abdominal aorta, and significantly lower survival rates (P < .001).

Conclusions:

  • Infectious aortitis (IA) is associated with significantly higher mortality compared to noninfectious aortitis (NIA).
  • Early and appropriate antibiotic therapy in IA cases was identified as a protective factor against mortality.
  • Prompt diagnosis and effective antimicrobial treatment are critical for improving outcomes in infectious aortitis.