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Related Concept Videos

Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
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Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

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Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
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Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
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Veins of Upper Limbs01:17

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The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
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Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

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Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane
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Disorders of the Angular Vein.

Philip L Custer1, Tiffany C Ho1, Fouad Boulos2

  • 1John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences.

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|July 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Angular vein disorders are rare and often misdiagnosed. Surgical excision effectively treats vascular malformations and tumors, while infections require antibiotics.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • The angular vein, a crucial facial vessel, is rarely affected by infections, vascular malformations, or tumors.
  • Understanding these rare angular vein disorders is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the authors' experience and published literature on angular vein disorders.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and treatment outcomes for angular vein conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of patients with angular vein disorders from 2008-2022.
  • A comprehensive search of medical literature for reported cases of angular vein conditions.

Main Results:

  • A combined analysis of 23 patients revealed frequent misdiagnosis as lacrimal drainage abnormalities (52%).
  • Common findings included swelling, palpable masses, and tenderness (43.5%). Diagnoses comprised vascular malformations (14), vascular tumors (7), and thrombophlebitis (2).
  • Treatment involved observation (5), antibiotics (2), and surgical excision or cauterization (16).

Conclusions:

  • Angular vein disorders are uncommon and often misdiagnosed; clinical findings and imaging aid diagnosis.
  • Prompt antibiotic therapy is crucial for suspected thrombophlebitis.
  • Surgical excision is a successful treatment for vascular malformations and tumors of the angular vein.