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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
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Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

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The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
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Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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Transcription in Prokaryotes01:28

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Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow...
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Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

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The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
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Biosynthesis in Bacteria01:24

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Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
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Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Transposon-insertion Sequencing as a Tool to Elucidate Bacterial Colonization Factors in a Burkholderia gladioli Symbiont of Lagria villosa Beetles
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Transcriptional programming in a Bacteroides consortium.

Brian D Huang1, Thomas M Groseclose1, Corey J Wilson2

  • 1Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, US.

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|July 6, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered Bacteroides bacteria for programmable living therapeutics using a novel biotic decision-making technology. This genetic circuit compression enables precise control over gene expression in gut microbes for therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Genetic Engineering

Background:

  • Bacteroides species are abundant and stable members of the human gut microbiota.
  • Their prevalence makes them promising candidates for engineering into programmable living therapeutics.
  • Developing precise control over engineered microbes is crucial for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a biotic decision-making technology for programming gene expression in Bacteroides.
  • To demonstrate genetic circuit compression for efficient design of genetic logic gates.
  • To enable complex control over microbial communities for therapeutic purposes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic pairing of engineered transcription factors with cognate regulatable promoters for circuit compression.
  • Design, construction, and testing of fundamental two-input logic gates using specific chemical inputs (IPTG and D-ribose).
  • Deployment of logic gates in human donor Bacteroides and co-culture experiments to demonstrate sequential gain-of-function control.
  • Integration of transcriptional programming with CRISPR interference for loss-of-function regulation of endogenous genes.

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of genetic circuit compression in Bacteroides.
  • Demonstration of all fundamental two-input logic gates dependent on IPTG and D-ribose.
  • Achieved sequential gain-of-function control in co-cultured Bacteroides communities.
  • Established loss-of-function regulation of endogenous genes using transcriptional programs and CRISPR interference, enabling complex community composition control.

Conclusions:

  • A powerful toolkit for programming gene expression in Bacteroides has been developed.
  • This technology facilitates the creation of bespoke therapeutic bacteria with precise control over function.
  • The findings pave the way for advanced applications of engineered gut microbiota in medicine.