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First Characterization of Chicken Interleukin-9.

Shuangjiang He1,2, Lina Chen1,2, Xiaoli Hao1,2

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified functional chicken Interleukin-9 (chIL-9), a cytokine crucial for immunity and inflammation. This discovery opens new avenues for understanding avian immune responses and diseases.

Keywords:
biological activitychicken interleukin-9monoclonal antibodiesphylogenetic analysistissue distribution

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cytokine Biology
  • Avian Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a vital cytokine in mammalian immunity, inflammation, and tumor surveillance.
  • Avian IL-9 has remained uncharacterized, limiting our understanding of its role in birds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clone and characterize chicken IL-9 (chIL-9).
  • To investigate the biological functions and expression of chIL-9.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of chIL-9.
  • Tissue distribution analysis of chIL-9 mRNA.
  • Production and functional characterization of recombinant chIL-9 (rchIL-9).
  • Generation of antibodies against chIL-9.
  • Western-blotting to identify natural chIL-9.

Main Results:

  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed low amino acid identity (<30%) between chIL-9 and mammalian IL-9s.
  • chIL-9 mRNA was abundant in the testis and thymus and upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon stimulation.
  • rchIL-9 activated monocytes/macrophages to produce inflammatory cytokines and promoted CD3+ T cell proliferation.
  • Natural chIL-9 (25kD) was identified in activated PBMCs using specific antibodies.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first identification and characterization of a functional IL-9 in birds.
  • The findings establish a foundation for exploring chIL-9's roles in avian immunity and disease.