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Unilateral Morbihan syndrome.

Laura Macca1, Federica Li Pomi1, Alfonso Motolese1

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Morbihan Syndrome, a rare facial swelling condition, can be triggered by CPAP masks in patients with rosacea. Early diagnosis and consistent treatment are crucial for managing this challenging complication.

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Continuous positive airway pressureMorbihan diseaseObstructive sleep apneaRosaceaSolid persistent facial edema

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Morbihan Syndrome presents as slow-onset facial erythema and edema, often linked to rosacea or acne vulgaris.
  • It is characterized by recurrent vascular dilation and inflammation, leading to a challenging diagnosis and treatment.
  • The condition is an uncommon, end-stage complication requiring careful management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a unique case of unilateral Morbihan Syndrome.
  • To investigate the potential role of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) masks in inducing Morbihan Syndrome.
  • To emphasize the importance of prolonged follow-up for optimizing patient management and therapy adherence.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a patient with rosacea using full-face CPAP masks for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS).
  • Clinical observation and assessment of unilateral facial swelling.
  • Review of potential etiological factors and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • A case of unilateral Morbihan Syndrome was induced by full-face CPAP mask use in a patient with underlying rosacea.
  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) may contribute to the development or exacerbation of rosacea symptoms.
  • The condition highlights the need for vigilant monitoring and sustained therapeutic approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy, particularly full-face masks, can be an iatrogenic cause of Morbihan Syndrome in susceptible individuals.
  • A thorough and extended follow-up is essential for effective management of Morbihan Syndrome.
  • Addressing underlying conditions like rosacea and sleep apnea is critical for improving patient outcomes.