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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Polariscopy with optical near-fields.

Ryu Meguya1, Soon Hock Ng2, Molong Han2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study extends polarization analysis to evanescent fields using terahertz (THz) attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy. It reveals previously inaccessible sample anisotropy, enabling detailed mapping of optical properties in complex materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Polarization analysis is crucial for understanding light-matter interactions in propagating optical fields.
  • Evanescent fields, confined to surfaces, offer unique probing capabilities but are less explored for polarization analysis.
  • Terahertz (THz) frequencies provide insights into molecular vibrations and material structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend polarization analysis from propagating optical far-fields to evanescent fields.
  • To develop a method for probing and mapping anisotropy in material absorption-dispersion properties using evanescent THz waves.
  • To investigate the potential for 3D anisotropy mapping (polarization tomography) in complex polymer samples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an attenuated total reflection (ATR) setup with a synchrotron source for THz frequency measurements.
  • Employed scalar intensity (E²) for absorbance analysis of s- and p-polarized incident light components.
  • Developed a four-polarization method to map absorbance and retrieve retardance spectra from transmittance measurements.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated polarization analysis in the evanescent field, revealing non-accessible sample anisotropy.
  • Validated mapping of sample anisotropy perpendicular to the surface, observing a cos²(θ) absorbance dependence.
  • Obtained absorbance maps and retardance spectra for poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) samples.

Conclusions:

  • Evanescent field polarization analysis provides new insights into material anisotropy, complementing far-field studies.
  • The developed THz-ATR method enables detailed characterization of complex polymer structures.
  • The study outlines a pathway towards 3D polarization tomography for comprehensive material analysis.