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A fulminant case of Epstein-Barr Virus encephalitis with multiorgan dysfunction

Sibabratta Patnaik1, Priyanka Samal2, Avinav Sahoo3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.

Journal of Neurovirology
|July 7, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Epstein-Barr Virus (Human herpesvirus 4) rarely causes severe illness. This case highlights a rare instance of rapidly progressing, fatal Epstein-Barr Virus encephalitis with multiorgan dysfunction.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), or Human Herpesvirus 4, typically causes infectious mononucleosis.
  • EBV infections are generally benign with mild or asymptomatic presentations.
  • Fatal outcomes from EBV are exceptionally rare.

Observation:

  • A case of fulminant Epstein-Barr Virus encephalitis was observed.
  • The patient developed multiorgan dysfunction within two days of symptom onset.
  • The patient succumbed to the illness within 52 hours of symptom onset.

Findings:

  • This case demonstrates an extremely rare, aggressive presentation of Epstein-Barr Virus.
  • Fulminant EBV encephalitis can lead to rapid multiorgan failure.
  • The rapid progression highlights the potential for severe morbidity and mortality in atypical EBV cases.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering severe EBV presentations in differential diagnoses.
  • Early recognition and management of fulminant EBV encephalitis may be critical.
  • Further research into the mechanisms of severe EBV pathogenesis is warranted.
Keywords:
Antibody-dependent enhancementEpstein-Barr VirusFulminant encephalitisMacrophage activation syndromeMulti-organ dysfunction

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