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Staphylococcosis of turkeys. 5. Large-scale control programs using bacterial interference.

T R Nicoll, M M Jensen

    Avian Diseases
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Staphylococcus epidermidis strain 115 reduced staphylococcosis in turkeys. Treated turkeys showed a 2.7% lower mortality rate and fewer cases of the disease compared to untreated controls.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Microbiology
    • Poultry Science
    • Disease Control

    Background:

    • Staphylococcosis, caused by Staphylococcus bacteria, is a significant concern in turkey flocks.
    • Previous methods to control staphylococcosis have had limited success.
    • The use of interfering agents presents a potential strategy for disease reduction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of Staphylococcus epidermidis strain 115 as an interfering agent to reduce staphylococcosis incidence in turkeys.
    • To quantify the reduction in staphylococcosis and mortality rates in turkeys treated with strain 115.
    • To compare disease incidence between treated and untreated turkey populations.

    Main Methods:

    • A large-scale field trial in 1984 exposed approximately 3 million turkeys to Staphylococcus epidermidis strain 115 aerosols.
    • A controlled study in 1985 involved treating 1 million turkeys and leaving 2 million untreated.
    • Periodic examination of flocks for staphylococcosis and monitoring of gross mortality rates were conducted.

    Main Results:

    • In the 1984 trial, staphylococcosis incidence appeared lower in range turkeys compared to previous years, with 30% colonization by strain 115 at processing.
    • In the 1985 control study, treated turkeys had a lower incidence of staphylococcosis (90 cases out of 174,250) compared to untreated turkeys (255 cases out of 183,500).
    • Gross mortality was 2.7% lower in treated turkeys (200,636) than in untreated controls (189,450) (P < 0.001). Turkeys in range sheds had five times higher staphylococcosis incidence than those in enclosed coops.

    Conclusions:

    • Staphylococcus epidermidis strain 115 administration can effectively reduce the incidence of staphylococcosis in turkeys.
    • The use of strain 115 is associated with a significant reduction in gross mortality rates.
    • Environmental housing conditions (range sheds vs. enclosed coops) significantly impact staphylococcosis incidence.

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