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Related Concept Videos

Dietary Connections01:23

Dietary Connections

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In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
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A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
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Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
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Related Experiment Video

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Behavioral Disturbances: An Innovative Approach to Monitor the Modulatory Effects of a Nutraceutical Diet
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A conversational agent system for dietary supplements use.

Esha Singh1, Anu Bompelli2, Ruyuan Wan1

  • 1CSE Department, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
|July 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces the first conversational agent (CA) for dietary supplements (DS), addressing consumer information gaps. The CA system effectively answers questions about DS efficacy and safety using a specialized knowledge base.

Keywords:
Conversational agentDeep learningDietary supplementsNamed entity recognitionNatural language processingQuestion answering

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Area of Science:

  • Computational linguistics
  • Health informatics
  • Consumer health information systems

Background:

  • Consumers face challenges accessing reliable information on dietary supplement (DS) efficacy and safety due to disparate or incomplete data.
  • Existing conversational agent (CA) systems are not tailored to address consumer inquiries regarding DS use.
  • There is a need for a dedicated system to provide accessible and accurate information on DS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate the first conversational agent (CA) system specifically designed to answer consumer questions about dietary supplement (DS) use.
  • To create a user-friendly interface for consumers to obtain information on DS efficacy and safety.
  • To bridge the information gap concerning DS by leveraging natural language understanding and a specialized knowledge base.

Main Methods:

  • The CA system was developed using the MindMeld framework, incorporating three core components: question understanding, a DS knowledge base (iDISK), and answer generation.
  • A natural language understanding module was created by collecting and annotating 1509 consumer questions, including a question type classifier and named entity recognizer.
  • Rule-based slot filling techniques were employed for answer generation, querying the iDISK knowledge base.

Main Results:

  • The natural language understanding module demonstrated strong performance, with CNN achieving an F1 score of 0.81 for question classification and CRF achieving an F1 score of 0.87 for named entity recognition.
  • The overall CA system achieved 81% accuracy, with a succ@3+ score of 76.2% and a succ@2+ score of 66%, indicating effective performance in answering consumer queries.
  • Component-level and system-wide evaluations confirmed the efficacy of the developed algorithms.

Conclusions:

  • This research presents the first conversational agent (CA) system specifically designed for dietary supplement (DS) use.
  • The system utilizes the MindMeld framework and the iDISK domain knowledge base to provide consumers with accessible information on DS.
  • The developed CA system effectively addresses the need for reliable and easily obtainable information regarding dietary supplements.