Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

14.9K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
14.9K
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

17.2K
The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
17.2K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

8.0K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Culturomics reveals <i>Fusobacterium</i>-<i>Prevotella</i> mutualism as a hallmark of nasopharyngeal tumor microbiota.

Science translational medicine·2026
Same author

Towards the construction of a virtual yeast.

Nature·2026
Same author

Unfavourable H-CDR3 Loops in preB Cells Lead to Highly Expanded Plasma Cell Clones.

European journal of immunology·2026
Same author

Multi-omic characterization of nasopharyngeal carcinoma delineates the subtype-specific landscape of response to induction chemotherapy.

Nature cancer·2026
Same author

The adaptive molecular landscape of reprogrammed telomeric sequences.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Insights into cephalochordate genome and gene evolution from the early-diverging amphioxus <i>Asymmetron lucayanum</i>.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model
06:05

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model

Published on: March 9, 2022

3.9K

Genetically controlled mtDNA deletions prevent ROS damage by arresting oxidative phosphorylation.

Simon Stenberg1,2, Jing Li3,4, Arne B Gjuvsland1

  • 1Centre for Integrative Genetics, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.

Elife
|July 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Yeast cells can delete mitochondrial DNA to stop harmful superoxide production. However, prolonged stress leads to irreversible mitochondrial loss and respiratory failure, with potential implications for human diseases.

Keywords:
S. cerevisiaecell biologygeneticsgenome editinggenome stabilitygenomicsmitochondrial DNAmitochondrial impairmentoxidative stress

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals
05:59

Author Spotlight: Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals

Published on: May 19, 2023

3.0K
Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase COX/SDH Double-labeling Histochemistry
06:53

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase COX/SDH Double-labeling Histochemistry

Published on: November 23, 2011

37.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 5, 2025

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model
06:05

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model

Published on: March 9, 2022

3.9K
Author Spotlight: Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals
05:59

Author Spotlight: Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals

Published on: May 19, 2023

3.0K
Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase COX/SDH Double-labeling Histochemistry
06:53

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase COX/SDH Double-labeling Histochemistry

Published on: November 23, 2011

37.0K

Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial biology
  • Cellular stress response
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mitochondrial DNA deletion was previously considered accidental.
  • Intramitochondrial superoxide production poses a threat to cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory mechanisms controlling mitochondrial DNA deletion in yeast.
  • To understand the role of oxidative stress in mitochondrial genome stability.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic manipulation of yeast strains.
  • Analysis of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes.
  • Assessment of mitochondrial-nuclear communication pathways (Rtg2, Rtg3).
  • Enzyme activity assays for superoxide dismutase 2.

Main Results:

  • Yeast actively deletes mitochondrial DNA to mitigate superoxide stress by halting respiration.
  • This process is mediated by superoxide dismutase 2 and mitochondrial-nuclear signaling.
  • Short-term stress allows for recovery, but chronic stress results in permanent mitochondrial genome loss and respiratory dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage is under precise genetic regulation in yeast.
  • This regulatory control can become maladaptive under prolonged stress.
  • Findings suggest potential relevance to age-related mitochondrial decline and diseases in humans.