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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Ryosuke Wakatsuki1, Masaki Shimizu2, Asami Shimbo1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

Modern Rheumatology Case Reports
|July 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis (AAT), a rare condition causing hypothyroidism without thyroid enlargement, can be an early sign of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Early recognition of this atypical presentation is crucial for SLE diagnosis and management.

Keywords:
Atrophic autoimmune thyroiditismyxoedemasystemic lupus erythematosus

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Rheumatology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis (AAT) causes hypothyroidism without thyroid enlargement, differing from Hashimoto's disease (HD).
  • AAT is rare in children and presents with severe primary hypothyroidism.
  • Autoimmune thyroiditis, particularly HD, is frequently associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Observation:

  • This report details a patient with AAT as the initial manifestation of SLE, complicated by generalized myxedema.
  • The patient's presentation posed a diagnostic challenge, highlighting the complexity of autoimmune comorbidities.

Findings:

  • The case underscores the importance of identifying atypical presentations of SLE in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis.
  • AAT may be an overlooked initial sign of SLE, potentially misdiagnosed as HD.

Implications:

  • Early recognition of AAT in SLE patients is vital for prompt diagnosis and appropriate management.
  • Further large-scale research is needed to determine the prevalence and significance of AAT in SLE patients.