[Historical development of energetic cataract surgery]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Surgical Technology
• Laser Medicine

Background:

• Cataract surgery has evolved significantly, moving from manual techniques to advanced methods.
• Ultrasound and laser technologies have revolutionized lens removal procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical development of ultrasound and laser phacoemulsification techniques.
• To analyze combined and isolated laser designs for cataract surgery.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific articles on cataract surgery techniques.
• Analysis of historical data and technological advancements in laser and ultrasound surgery.

Main Results:

• Detailed examination of erbium YAG laser applications.
• Evaluation of Nd:YAG lasers (1.064 μm and 1.44 µm) for lens capsule and nucleus dissection.
• Assessment of exclusively laser techniques and femtosecond laser assistance.

Conclusions:

• Laser technology offers diverse approaches to cataract surgery, including exclusively laser methods.
• Femtosecond laser assistance represents a significant advancement in automated cataract surgery.