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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

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Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
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Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
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Outcomes after decrease in hypothermia usage for out of Hospital Cardiac arrest after targeted temperature management

Dustin L Slagle1,2, Richard J Caplan3, Andrew R Deitchman4

  • 1Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine Residency, ChristianaCare, Newark, DE, USA. Dustin.Slagle@ChristianaCare.org.

Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing
|July 8, 2022
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Summary

Targeted temperature management using 33°C hypothermia improved neurologic outcomes in cardiac arrest survivors compared to normothermia. This benefit was primarily observed in patients with non-shockable rhythms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Targeted temperature management (TTM) is crucial for comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
  • Optimal temperature selection for TTM remains an area of active research and clinical debate.
  • Previous studies have yielded varied results regarding the efficacy of different temperature targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate trends in TTM, specifically temperature selection.
  • To assess the impact of TTM on neurologic outcomes at hospital discharge.
  • To compare findings with recent large randomized controlled trials.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study conducted from January 2010 to December 2019.
  • Inclusion of 634 adult non-traumatic OHCA patients with persistent comatose state.
  • Comparison of patients treated with 33°C hypothermia (n=473) versus 36.5°C normothermia (n=161).

Main Results:

  • Patients receiving 33°C hypothermia showed significantly better Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scores at discharge (OR=2.4; p=0.006).
  • Improved CPC outcomes were noted in the 33°C group with initial non-shockable rhythms (OR=2.5; p=0.04).
  • No significant differences in mortality, ICU days, or ventilator days were observed between groups; 33°C group had shorter hospital stays.

Conclusions:

  • 33°C hypothermia in comatose OHCA patients is associated with improved odds of good neurologic outcomes at discharge compared to targeted normothermia.
  • The observed benefit of hypothermia appears driven by patients presenting with non-shockable rhythms.
  • Findings support the use of 33°C hypothermia for specific OHCA patient populations.