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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds

Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds

Published on: November 6, 2015

Assessing trade-offs in avian behaviour using remotely collected data from a webcam.

Kevin A Wood¹, Rebecca Lacey², Paul E Rose^1,2

¹Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge Wetland Centre, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom.

|July 8, 2022

Summary

Animal behavior involves trade-offs, where spending more time on one activity means less time for others. This study on swans reveals key behavioral trade-offs, like aggression impacting rest and foraging impacting rest.

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Area of Science:

Ethology
Behavioral Ecology
Animal Behavior

Background:

Animals must balance mutually exclusive behaviors within their time budgets.
Understanding these trade-offs is crucial for explaining behavioral variation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate behavioral time-activity budget trade-offs in mute swans (Cygnus olor) and whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus).
To examine correlations between aggression, foraging, maintenance, and resting behaviors.

Main Methods:

Utilized remotely collected behavioral observations via live-streaming webcam.
Analyzed time spent on key mutually exclusive behaviors in two swan species.

Main Results:

A negative correlation between aggression and resting was found in both species.
Foraging and resting behaviors were negatively correlated in both species.
A foraging-maintenance trade-off was observed in mute swans but not whooper swans.

Conclusions:

Birds strategically allocate time between mutually exclusive behaviors.
Remotely collected data offers a viable method for studying fundamental animal behavior questions.