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Related Concept Videos

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The intermediate filaments are one of three widely studied cytoskeletal filaments. They are so named as their diameter (10 nm) is in between that of microfilaments (7 nm) and the microtubules (25 nm).  These filaments are highly stable and can remain intact when exposed to high salt concentrations and detergents. These filaments are responsible for providing stability and mechanical support to the cells. They also help in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue integrity.
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The intermediate filaments are an essential component of the cytoskeleton. Presently six types of intermediate filament have been identified. Type I and II are acidic and basic keratin proteins. Type III is of mesodermal origin and comprises four proteins: vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Vimentin is commonly found in mesenchymal cells, desmin in muscle cells, GFAP in astrocytes, while peripherin is found in peripheral nervous system neurons (PNS). Type...
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Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Ferro-cement is a distinctive construction material that represents an innovative variant of reinforced concrete, characterized by its unique composition and the method by which it is formed. Unlike standard reinforced concrete, which relies on larger steel bars for reinforcement, ferro-cement utilizes densely packed layers of mesh or fine rods, fully encased in cement mortar. This composition allows for the creation of structures that are significantly thinner and more flexible than their...
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Capillarity in Fluid01:19

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
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Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape
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Wicking through complex interfaces at interlacing yarns.

Robert Fischer1, Christian M Schlepütz2, René M Rossi3

  • 1Laboratory of Multiscale Studies in Building Physics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Chair of Building Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ), Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|July 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wicking flow in knit fabrics slows at yarn contacts due to capillary pressure minima. Understanding yarn pore structure and using pore network modeling reveals dynamics of water transport in textiles.

Keywords:
CapillarityContact interfacePorous mediumWettingWickingX-ray tomographic microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Textile science and fluid dynamics.
  • Materials science and porous media flow.

Background:

  • Wicking flow in knit fabrics is crucial for moisture management.
  • Capillary pressure minima at yarn contacts impede fluid transport in the wale direction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms slowing wicking flow at yarn contacts in knit fabrics.
  • To characterize the role of yarn pore structure in fluid transport dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved synchrotron tomographic microscopy to visualize water configuration during wicking.
  • Dynamic pore network modeling calibrated with experimental data and pore intrusion delay times.

Main Results:

  • Identified a thin interface zone at yarn contacts where pore spaces merge, creating a transition path.
  • Observed a significant capillary pressure minimum in the interface center, causing delayed water advance.
  • Developed and validated a pore network model that accurately reproduces inter-yarn wicking dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The pore structure of yarns and their contacts create energy barriers that hinder wicking.
  • Pore network modeling with delay times is effective for predicting fluid transport in complex textile structures.