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Correlates of placental abruption
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|April 1, 1987
Summary
Placental abruption, a serious pregnancy complication, occurred in 6.5 per 1000 births. This condition significantly increased stillbirth and infant death risks, alongside adverse infant outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Perinatal Epidemiology
- Reproductive Health
Background:
- Placental abruption is a critical obstetric emergency with significant maternal and fetal implications.
- Understanding risk factors and outcomes is crucial for improving perinatal care and reducing adverse events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence and associated risk factors of placental abruption in Washington State.
- To evaluate the perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with placental abruption.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study comparing 884 placental abruption cases with 789 randomly selected births from 1980-1981.
- Analysis of Washington State birth and fetal death certificates.
Main Results:
- The incidence of placental abruption was 6.5 per 1000 total births.
- A 21% combined stillbirth and first-month mortality rate was observed in abruption cases.
- Increased risks were linked to pre-eclampsia, diabetes, and unmarried status; parity and maternal age were not associated.
- Infants born after abruption were smaller-for-gestation, more frequently male, and had higher malformation rates.
- Abruption infants had lower Apgar scores, even after adjusting for weight, gestational age, and sex.
Conclusions:
- Placental abruption is associated with substantial perinatal mortality and morbidity.
- Specific maternal conditions like pre-eclampsia and diabetes are significant risk factors.
- Adverse infant outcomes, including growth restriction and congenital malformations, are more common following placental abruption.