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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Perception01:28

Perception

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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
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Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Sensory Perception in Autism: What Can We Learn?

Bat-Sheva Hadad1, Amit Yashar1

  • 1Department of Special Education and The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; email: bhadad@edu.haifa.ac.il, amit.yashar@edu.haifa.ac.il.

Annual Review of Vision Science
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Sensory processing in autism requires rigorous psychophysical methods for accurate understanding. A new developmental perceptual narrowing model offers a more comprehensive explanation for autism

Keywords:
Bayesianautismdevelopmentperceptionperceptual illusionsperceptual narrowingpsychophysicssensory processing

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) research
  • Sensory processing and perception

Background:

  • Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown causes.
  • Sensory processing is increasingly recognized as a core phenotype in autism.
  • Existing models of perception in autism have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major findings and models of perception in autism.
  • To identify methodological issues contributing to conflicting results.
  • To propose a refined model for understanding perceptual differences in autism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on autism and perception.
  • Analysis of popular perceptual models, including the reduced prior hypothesis.
  • Emphasis on rigorous psychophysical methods.

Main Results:

  • Popular models like the reduced prior hypothesis inadequately explain diverse findings in autism perception.
  • Rigorous psychophysical methods are crucial for resolving inconsistencies.
  • Developmental factors, context, learning, and attention are key considerations.

Conclusions:

  • A new "developmental perceptual narrowing" account is proposed for autism.
  • This model better explains behavioral variations and developmental trajectories.
  • Future research should integrate developmental tracking and multifaceted perceptual models.