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Related Concept Videos

Indicators02:39

Indicators

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Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are...
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Effects of EDTA on End-Point Detection Methods01:18

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Different methods, such as visual observance of metal-ion indicators, spectroscopic techniques, and potentiometric methods, can determine the endpoint of an EDTA titration.
In the visual method, metal-ion indicators (metallochromic dyes), which have distinct colors in their free and complex forms, are added to the mixture to signal the titration's end point. They form stable complexes with metal ions, but these complexes are weaker than the corresponding metal–EDTA complexes. As a...
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Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Combination of Adhesive-tape-based Sampling and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization for Rapid Detection of Salmonella on Fresh Produce
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Recent Advances in pH-Responsive Freshness Indicators Using Natural Food Colorants to Monitor Food Freshness.

Danfei Liu1, Changfan Zhang1, Yumei Pu1

  • 1School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural food colorants in intelligent packaging change color to indicate food freshness. This review explores pH-responsive indicators made from natural colorants and biodegradable polymers for safer food monitoring.

Keywords:
food qualityfreshness indicatorintelligent packaging technologynatural food colorantspH-responsive

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Growing consumer demand for food safety drives interest in intelligent packaging.
  • Natural food colorants offer color-changing properties and functional benefits like antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
  • These colorants respond to pH changes, making them suitable for detecting food spoilage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advancements in pH-responsive freshness indicators for intelligent food packaging.
  • To highlight methods for preparing these indicators using natural food colorants and biodegradable polymers.
  • To discuss their application in monitoring the quality of perishable foods.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on pH-responsive freshness indicators.
  • Analysis of preparation techniques for indicators based on natural colorants and biodegradable polymers.
  • Evaluation of current food freshness detection methods and indicator applications.

Main Results:

  • Natural food colorants integrated with biodegradable polymers show promise as visual freshness indicators.
  • These indicators can detect pH changes associated with food spoilage.
  • The review consolidates information on preparation, application, and performance.

Conclusions:

  • pH-responsive freshness indicators offer a viable solution for intelligent food packaging.
  • Further research and development are needed to overcome challenges and promote commercialization.
  • These indicators enhance food safety by providing real-time quality monitoring.