Amygdalin Exerts Antitumor Activity in Taxane-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Natural Products Chemistry
• Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

• Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) treatment faces inevitable resistance to taxane therapies.
• The natural compound amygdalin exhibits potential antitumoral properties, but its efficacy against drug-resistant PCa is unclear.
• Developing novel therapeutic strategies to overcome taxane resistance in PCa is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the in vitro effects of amygdalin on therapy-naïve and taxane-resistant prostate cancer cell lines.
• To assess amygdalin's impact on tumor growth, proliferation, clonal formation, and cell cycle progression.
• To analyze amygdalin's influence on key cell cycle regulators, mTOR pathway proteins, cytoskeletal components, and cell adhesion/chemotaxis.

Main Methods:

• In vitro study using PC3, DU145, and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines (parental and resistant to docetaxel/cabazitaxel).
• Treatment with amygdalin (10 mg/mL) and assessment of tumor growth, proliferation, clonal formation, and cell cycle.
• Analysis of cell cycle proteins, mTOR pathway proteins, integrin β1, cytoskeletal proteins, adhesion, and chemotaxis.

Main Results:

• Amygdalin demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth and reduced tumor clones in all tested PCa cell lines.
• Amygdalin induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and significantly altered cell cycle regulating proteins.
• Amygdalin moderately affected tumor cell adhesion and chemotaxis, with associated changes in cytoskeletal proteins and integrin β1.

Conclusions:

• Amygdalin exhibits significant antitumor activity against both sensitive and taxane-resistant prostate cancer cells in vitro.
• Amygdalin may counteract the growth and dissemination characteristics of taxane-resistant PCa.
• Further research is warranted to evaluate amygdalin's therapeutic potential in treating resistant prostate cancer.