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Correction: Shrader-Frechette, K.; Biondo, A.M. Data-Quality Assessment Signals Toxic-Site Safety Threats and Environmental Injustices. <i>Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health</i> 2021, <i>18</i>, 2012.

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Correction: Shrader-Frechette, K.; Biondo, A.M. Health Misinformation about Toxic-Site Harm: The Case for Independent-Party Testing to Confirm Safety. <i>Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health</i> 2021, <i>18</i>, 3882.

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Does Hazardous-Waste Testing Follow Technical Guidance, Thus Help Protect Environmental Justice and Health?

Kristin Shrader-Frechette1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|July 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Most US hazardous waste site testing for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) violates government standards, underestimating risks and potentially harming environmental justice communities. This requires improved adherence to technical guidance for accurate site assessments.

Keywords:
Trammell Crow (TC)environmental justice (EJ)hazardous wastesoil-gas testingtrichloroethylene (TCE)vapor intrusionvolatile organic compound (VOC)weight of evidence method (WoE)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Government technical guidance is crucial for reliable hazardous-waste-site testing, risk analysis, and environmental protection.
  • Existing analyses of compliance with this guidance are often reactive and lack systematic, scientific rigor.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential health harms and environmental injustice linked to inadequate hazardous waste site assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether representative US testing of volatile organic compound (VOC) waste sites adheres to or violates government technical requirements.
  • To establish criteria for identifying representative US VOC testing cases for analysis.
  • To assess the implications of non-compliance for environmental health and justice.

Main Methods:

  • Outlined US/state-government technical guidance for VOC testing.
  • Developed criteria for identifying representative US VOC testing cases.
  • Utilized the dominant US Environmental Protection Agency method to assess compliance in selected cases.
  • Analyzed results for potential threats to environmental health and justice.

Main Results:

  • Almost all investigated US VOC-waste-site testing violated government technical requirements.
  • Systematic underestimation of risks was observed in the tested VOC waste sites.
  • Non-compliance may facilitate less expensive, potentially health-threatening cleanups, disproportionately affecting environmental justice communities.

Conclusions:

  • Representative US VOC-waste-site testing frequently violates technical guidance, leading to underestimated risks.
  • This non-compliance poses potential threats to environmental health and justice.
  • Future research and strategies are needed to promote adherence to hazardous-waste testing guidance.